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E-ISSN: 2788-9327

P-ISSN: 1606-8947

Vol. 28 No. 2 (2024)

Isolation and Identification of Clinical Bacterial Isolates and Their Resistance to Antibiotics and a Medicinal Plant Mixture (Turmeric, Ginger, and Indian Costus)

  • Khaled Nasher Qahtan Salem Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Nahad Mohammed Saeed Fartwte Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Hanifa Al-Baiti Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Abdullah Faheem Abdullah Moqbel Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Omima Sami Abdullah Yousef Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Awadh Abduaslam Awadh Ahmed Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Wafa Khaled Ali Waked Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Ayat Zafar Abdulhabeeb Abdulhameed Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Weam Gamal Mohammed Saleh Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Dina Nasser Abdullah Mohammed Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Yousef Khaled Abdulrahman Ali Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen
  • Marwah Naif Nasser Mohammed Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, Vol. 28 No. 2 (2024), 18-04-2025 Page 33-50

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2024.n2.a04

Abstract

Background
The rise of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) has intensified the search for natural antibacterial alternatives. This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic (EE) and aqueous (AE) extracts from turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Indian costus (Saussurea costus) against clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli. 


Method
A six-month laboratory-based study (April–September 2024) analyzed bacterial isolates from patient samples in Aden Governorate, Yemen. Isolates were identified using selective media Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) for S. aureus, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) for E. coli) and confirmed through biochemical tests. Antibacterial activity was assessed via agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Phytochemical and physiochemical analyses identified active compounds in the extracts. 


Results
Of 57 clinical samples, S. aureus was isolated from 52.63% and E. coli from 21.05%, while 26.32% were excluded due to contamination. The EE exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against E. coli, with inhibition zones of 13–19 mm, but no activity against S. aureus. The AE showed no antibacterial effects. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed S. aureus was highly susceptible to Linezolid (96%) and Roxithromycin (96%) but resistant to Cloxacillin (0%). E. coli showed high resistance to Ampicillin/Sulbactam (57.14%) and Cefotaxime (55%) but susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin (90%) and Amikacin (95%).


Conclusion
The EE shows promise as a natural alternative for treating E. coli infections, particularly amid rising antibiotic resistance. However, its inefficacy against S. aureus highlights the need for further research to optimize extraction methods and enhance activity against Gram-positive bacteria. This study supports the potential of plant-based antimicrobials as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics.

Keywords:
    Turmeric, Ginger, Indian Costus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

How to Cite

Salem, K. N. Q., Fartwte, N. M. S., Al-Baiti, H., Moqbel, A. F. A., Yousef, O. S. A., Ahmed, A. A. A., Waked, W. K. A., Abdulhameed, A. Z. A., Saleh, W. G. M., Mohammed, D. N. A., Ali, Y. K. A., & Mohammed, M. N. N. (2025). Isolation and Identification of Clinical Bacterial Isolates and Their Resistance to Antibiotics and a Medicinal Plant Mixture (Turmeric, Ginger, and Indian Costus). University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 28(2), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2024.n2.a04
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