This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Education, Department of biology- Sber- Aden University, during the period December 2015- February 2016 asto know the four types of water extracts of animal waste in the effect of: cow dung, dung donkeys, Chicken manure concentration (10% w / v) in addition to wastewater treated biologically as antifungal against fungus Rhizoctonia solani that causes wilt on the tomato plant disease. It showed that the treated wastewater biologically highly effective against the fungus R. solai, and is found a significant difference at 5% with the rest of the other transactions. All other extracts also showed significant differences at 5% with the control .Biologically treatmented sewage has achieved Bioloajabia percentage of inhibition against the fungus R. solai reached 68.78% and was the lowest efficacy of aqueous extracts of donkeys dung adjacent not damping ratio of 17.28%.

    This study was carried out to know the herbal medicinal plants used for the treatment of digestive diseases. The study explains the strong relationship between human and the environment in this area and how to make these plants benifitable for the treatment of digestive system diseases. The study constitutes 34 wild plant species belonging to 33 genera and 24 family, that are used for medical purposes. The use of the plant parts differentiated as the diseases requires.

The construction industry plays a key role in the development of the economy of each country. The economic efficiency of the other economic and social sectors depends to a large extent on the efficiency of the construction sector activities, which plays an active role in the creation and development of the material base of the national economy. Yemen is currently seeking to achieve greater economic growth in order to solve the existing problems in the community, the most important of which is the improving of the life standards of people in Yemen. Therefore, the construction industry may serve as a driving force for other sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, this sector is facing many challenges and difficulties that affect it, which is considered the basic interest of the researches. The most important of these challenges is the ability of this sector to contribute to the embodiment of the objectives of "Yemen's Strategic Vision 2025", as well as the goals of the economical and social plans, and the development of the sector so as to perform distinct positive role in achieving a sustainable development. This sector also consumes a large part of the natural resources, notably energy, in the production of the sector inputs in various branches of industry on one side; and during the implementation, operational and maintenance phases of the various constructions and facilities, on the other side. The waste resulting from the various activities of this sector contributes to the ongoing environmental contamination of the air, soil and water. Having addressed all that through monitoring, study and analysis,the researcher concludes finally with a number of research findings, suggesting some recommendations that may contribute significantly to the development of the construction sector as to be sustainable sector.

Seeds of Mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek cv. Local and Indian were treated with different doses of gamma rays viz.;5.5R, 11.1R,16.6R, 22.2R, 27.7R & 33.2R. Observations were recorded on the effect of gamma rays on an important characters viz.; seedling length, root length, number of secondary branches, length of main branches, length of secondary branches, number of pods, length of pods and weight of dry 100 seeds. The significant effect on the growth of two cultivars, with best dosages of (33.2, 27.7 and 22.2 k/rad) respectively.

Cissus subaphylla and Euphorbia spiralis, endemic in Socotra Island, were screened for their chemical constituents and antibacterial activity. The phytochemical screening of the chloroform and the 70% ethanol extracts of both plant stems indicated the presence of sterols, triterpenoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinons, flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrates as chemical constituents. Testing the antibacterial activity of chloroform and the 70% ethanol extracts (5 and 10mg) of both plants against Staphylococcus aureus (305-864-669), Staphylococcus epidermidis (505-864-689), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(909-825-1793) and Escherichia coli(909-825-1793), using agar well diffusion assay, demonstrated that all tested extracts displayed a significant antibacterial activity with activity index (AI) above 0.5 against test microorganisms, except the chloroform extract of C. subaphylla, which was found inactive against S. aureus. The 70% ethanol extract (10mg)of E. spiralis showed the highest antibacterial activity (AI=0.80-0.94) against E. coli.

Different amounts of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Lepidium sativum seeds and Flemingia grahamiana glandular hairs of the pods as well as of their combination (multiherbal combination), that is used traditionally in Aden for topical treatment of furuncles, were tested for their antibacterial activity, by using a modified agar diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 29737),which is the most common bacteria causing furuncles. The aqueous extracts of Lepidium sativum seeds were found to possess antibacterial activity, while those of Flemingia grahamiana and multiherbal combination were found inactive. The ineffectiveness of the aqueous multiherbal combination may be due to a possible antagonistic interaction between its two components. The methanolic extracts only of Flemingia grahamiana and the multiherbal combination demonstrated moderately antibacterial activity. This result indicated that methanol is better than water in extracting the antibacterial active principles from Flemingia grahamiana that are responsible for the moderate antibacterial activity of the multiherbal combination against S. aureus.

Two bacterial strains, alkaliphilic bacteria Bacillus badius D1 were isolated from alkaline Crater Lake, (Lonar), Buldana, M.S, India, and neutrophilic bacterial strain Lysinbacillus sphaericus DL8 from dye disposal area of textile industry, Ichalkaranji, India. Fluoranthene, a model four-rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was utilized as carbon and energy source by these bacteria. The degradation products of fluoranthene were isolated at every 12 hrs.. of incubation period. The generated metabolites were identified by using (GC-MS, FTIR and 1HNMR). Many metabolites of fluoranthene degradation were detected in the culture such as (9-fluorenone-1-carboxylic acid, 9-hydroxy-1-fluorene-carboxylic acid, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, benzoic acid and phthalic acid). It has been observed that these two bacterial strains have degraded fluoranthene by two different ways. Incubation of fluoranthene with these bacterial strains also resulted in the induction of biotransformation enzymes like mono oxygenases, e.g. Aminopyrine N-demethylase, acetanilide hydroxylase and the content of cytochrome P-450. The influence of some experimental parameters like concentration of fluoranthene, pH, and temperature on the degradation of fluoranthene was also studied.

The knowledge of environmental hazards resulted from natural radioactivity and human activities are very important for monitoring environmental contamination. In this study the environmental hazards due to the natural radioactivity in rocks from catchment area of Tuban delta in Yemen were discussed and evaluated. Eight rocks samples were collected from the study area. The results showed that the mean activity concentrations of 238U series (226Ra), 232Th, and 40K were 29.52  1.5, 32.29  2.3, and 817.5  30.1 Bq kg-1, respectively. Also, the physical and chemical properties of some rock samples were examined and evaluated. Radiological parameter, such as absorbed dose rate in air, annually effective dose, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), gamma index (Iɤ), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin), were calculated and evaluated. The results were compared with those of literatures.

The aim of the present paper is to obtain some double generating functions involving Jacobi, Laguerre and Bateman’s polynomials of one variable by using the fractional derivative technique. A number of interesting special cases of our main results are also considered.

In this paper we defined \(K^h\)-birecurrent space which is characterized by the condition\(K_jkh|m|l^i=a_lm K_jkh^i\) , \(K_jkh^i≠0\), also we introduced some decompositions of Cartan's fourth and third curvature tensor and Berwald curvature tensor and its torsion tensor. The aim of this paper is devoted to the discussion of decomposition for different tensors in \(K^h\)-birecurrent space and \(K^h\)-birecurrent affinely connected space and the decomposition of curvature tensor Cartan's fourth and third in \(K^h\)-birecurrent space, also the decomposition of curvature tensor of Berwald in \(K^h\)-birecurrent affinely connected space, various results, formulas, theorems and different identities have been obtained.

In this paper, a new generalization of Gamma and Beta functions have been deduced Also for the generalized Beta function, an integral representation, a functional relation and a summation relation was given for the new generalized Gamma function established integral representation involving the product of two functions has been established , also, give a new generalization for the generalized and confluent hypergeometric functions.

In this paper we have obtained a new and known general class of bilateral and bilinear generating functions involving modified Konhauser biorthogonal \(Y_s^α (x;k)\), modified Bessel \(Y_s^n (u)\) and Laguerre polynomials \(L_n^α (x)\) by group theoretic method. As in particular cases we have obtained bilinear and unilateral generating functions. Consequently we recover the result of Rainville, Srivastava Manocha and McBride [25, 29, 23] and notice that the result of Das and Chatterjea [13] is the particular case of our result.

In this article, new families of generalized special polynomials by combining the properties of exponential operators with suitable integral transforms have been introduced. Certain properties of these special polynomials are established.

The basic hypergeometric series started essentially by Euler back in (1748) that emphasis on generating functions of partitions. Later, Gauss (1813) and Cauchy (1852) found several transformations and summations formulas related to basic hypergeometric series. In this paper, the main goal is to introduce some new representations for the q-analogue of the multiple Hurwitz Zeta function are derived.

Prostatic diseases are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality among adult males worldwide. Most frequently encountered diseases affecting prostate are prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic cancer. Paraffin blocks of prostatic tissues of 694 biopsies were selected retrospectively, from the private laboratories in Aden governorate – Yemen from January 2010 – March 2015. Hematoxylin and eosin slides for the corresponding paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed blocks were examined to identify and confirm the presence and type of inflammation in benign prostatic lesions, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. Data were entered to the SPSS program (version 22), obtaining frequencies, percentages and chi-square tests. The risk of malignancy associated with inflammation was estimated compared to those having non-inflammatory prostatic lesions. The tests were conducted with the 95% confidence interval and p-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Inflammation was found commonly in benign prostatic hyperplasia{78.2%}, in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia {7.7%} and prostate cancer (92.3%}, most of which was chronic(p<0.001).The risk for malignant transformation was2.98 times. Moderate, multifocal and stromal chronic inflammatory infitration was commonly seen in benign prostatic lesions. High grade prostatic cancer was observed in men who had inflammation. Our findings revealed that chronic inflammation is a common finding in benign(particularly bengin prostate hyperplasia) and malignant prostate tissue among yemeni people. Chronic inflammation, in benign prostate tissue is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (>two folds).

Nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NCAD)occurs in 10% to 25% of patients undergoing elective coronary angiography, while nonobstructive acute coronary syndrome (NACS) accounts up to 6% of patients with troponin-positive ACS. In Yemen, prior studies have assessed outcomes among myocardial infarction (MI)khat chewers, who had nonobstructive lesions on angiography. However; correlation between NACS and Khat use is yet not discussed. Our study aimed to defining the clinical outcomes of patients, presenting with unstable angina (UA) or non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but had stenosis ≤ 50% on angiography. Our main goal is to show the association between outcomes and khat chewing among patients with NASC. Data for this retrospective study were obtained from the sector of health care and related clinics at the Yemeni Petroleum Company in Aden- from January 2005 through September 2010. The study group consisting of 114 to ACS patients was divided into two subgroups: patients with stenosis < 20% and patients with stenosis more than 20 but less than50%. They were compared with patients in a control group (n=213), who had critical coronary stenosis, sufficient enough to warrantenough (≥70%) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our results showed that patients with NACS were more likely to be female, younger, with fewer risk factors, compared to the control. MI or PCI occurred was in 1.75 % or 3.5% of patients with NACS and in 5.16% or 17.37% (respectively) of patients with critical obstructive ACS. Cardiac death was observed less frequently in patients with NACS, compared to those with critical obstructive disease (1.75 % vs 4.23%). Sub analysis of the study group showed that, the 2nd subgroup patients (stenosis 20%-50%) were older male with an increasing frequency of nondiabetic patients and heavy khat chewing, compared to the 1st subgroup (stenosis<20%). Follow-up data showed that no deaths in the 1st subgroup and two cardiac deaths (3.7%) in the 2nd (P=0.001). Rehospitalization, PCI or cardiac decompensation were found significant in the 2nd subgroup. We concluded that the prognosis of patients with nonobstructive ACS was better than that of patients with critical obstructive ACS; although patients with stenosis 20-50% had a worse prognosis than did those with less stenosis or normal coronary arteries.

The phenomenon of bruxism affects millions of people throughout the world. Tooth grinding is an activity particularly important to the dentist because of breakage of dental restorations, tooth damage, induction of temporal headache and tempromandibular disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bruxism among the college students and associated factors. The study was carried out in the Department of Prosthodontic, College of Dentistry University of Aden between the period 2009-2010. Clinical record of 177 healthy students were included in a study sample, they are divided into four groups according to the education levels (from second to fifth year), 15 of them were suffering from bruxism in association to 4 major and 3 minor sign and symptom, analyzed by using statistical tools (SPSS V.15). The prevalence of bruxism among dental student was 15 cases represented by 8.4% of all cases. The prevalence rate of muscle's pain was in the lateral pterygoid muscle 100%, Medial pterygoid muscle pain, Masseter m. and Trapezium m. pain represented with 40% of the cases and the lowest percentages in temporal m. and Sternomastoid m. pain 20%. According to sign on hard tissues teeth attrition represented the high percentage with 93.3%, followed by malocclusion with 73.3%, then the restorated teeth with 60% and the tooth sensitivity and mobility with 53.3% and 26.7% respectively then the bone exostosis with 6.7%. According to sign on soft tissues the gingival inflammation represented the high percentage of cases with 93.3%, followed by gingival recession with 80% of the cases, then the tongue dentition with 73.3% and 46.7% of cases with pocket. Prevalence rate of cases of TMJ respondent by deviation of mandibule was 93.3%, followed by 80% of the cases with pain at TMJ, then 66.7% with clicking, 47% with deflection of mandibule, 40% with opening limitation and 6.7% of cases with loss vertical dimension. The prevalence rate of bruxism associated with anxiety 80%, then patients under psychological treatment 40% and then the patients under antidepressiondruge26.7%. A large proportion of students with bruxism have potential psychological problems. Female gender, advanced educational levels and hostel residence as well as poor socioeconomic status are predisposing factors for pain severity in masticator muscles.

Diabetes affects the health of the teeth and periodontal tissue leading to bone destruction and teeth loss. The idea that is present among dentists is that diabetic patients with periodontitis must lose more teeth than non-diabetic patients, but what we notice in our college clinics telling us the opposite. The aim of this study isto compare the teeth loss of diabetic and non-diabetic patients considering the age, sex and presence of bad habits (smoking and qat chewing). Teeth loss and depth of periodontal pocket of 65 adult diabetics and 65 adult non diabetic patients were examined. The presence of habits (smoking and qatchewing) among patients were recorded. In this study, we classifythe number of the lost teeth into four categories: the first category with the least number of teeth loss, and the fourth with the highest number of teeth loss. The number of diabetic patients in the first and second categories were more than non-diabetic, whereas the number of non-diabetic patients was more in the third and fourth category.

The presented study was addressed to identify the factors that lead to increase the spreading of chewing betel leaf and its adverse effects in Aden. The study was performed by direct interviews with consumers of betel leaf, the total number of selected people was 389, including all age group starting from 8 years up to more than 50 years old, both sexes in all of the Aden Governorate, in period from March to June 2014. 3.6% was the starting age of chewing betel leaf 8years old, and the commonest age of the chewer was between15-25 years which formed 59.1%, males more common than females 92. 5%, while education level was 45.2% secondary school students,37.5% university students, 78.9% were singles while21,1 % were married. 86.1% used betel with Zarda and Socka which is the main source of health danger,25 betel leaves are the maximum quantity chewed per day, 20.3% of chewer reflect dependence, and addiction as side effects. The early age of starting the chewing betel leaf, and its rapid prevalence reflected a serious issue among young students. Chewing betel leaves badly affects the health of chewers as well as the community.

The aim of this paper is to study prevalence of brain stroke, major risk factors, clinical pattern, and outcome among Yemeni patients. A prospective hospital-based study was conducted of 110patients admitted in AL-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital in Aden in the period from January 2016 to the end of August 2016, all cases admitted with stroke were diagnosed by history and clinical examination and were then confirmed by investigations including CT scan as included in the study. The most common stroke pattern was ischemic (80%), hemorrhagic (20 %), and the most common sex in this study was males (52%), while females (48 %). The major associated medical conditions were hypertension (41%) cardiac disease (5%) and diabetes mellitus (18 %) smoking history was positive in (11%). The most common neurologic deficits in our study patients were Hemiparesis/hemiplegia (90 %). Patients died during the same hospitalization were (21%), while (79%) remained alive.